Mauna Loa: World's largest active volcano erupts in Hawaii

November 28th 2022

by bbc news

Mauna Loa, located inside Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, covers half of the US state's Big Island

The world's largest active volcano, Hawaii's Mauna Loa, is erupting for the first time in almost 40 years.

An advisory for ashfall - which can contaminate water supplies, kill vegetation and irritate the lungs - is in effect for the surrounding area.

The lava flow is mostly contained within the summit, but residents have been placed on alert.

The US Geological Service (USGS) has warned the situation could change rapidly.

The volcano's alert level has also been upgraded from an "advisory" to a "warning" - the highest classification.

Mauna Loa, located inside Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, covers half of the US state's Big Island. The volcano rises 13,679ft (4,169m) above sea level and spans an area of more than 2,000 sq miles (5,179 sq km).

The eruption began on Sunday night at Moku'āweoweo, the volcano's summit caldera. Calderas are hollows that form beneath the summit at the end of an eruption.

It followed a series of warnings that an eruption was possible after a spate of recent earthquakes in the region, including more than a dozen reported tremors on Sunday.

"Based on past events, the early stages of a Mauna Loa eruption can be very dynamic and the location and advance of lava flows can change rapidly," the USGS said.

If the eruption migrates beyond the walls of the summit caldera, lava flows could "move rapidly downslope", it added.

According to the USGS, Mauna Loa has erupted 33 times since its first documented eruption in 1843. The previous eruption in 1984 sent lava flows within 5 miles of the city of Hilo, the island's most populous town.

But the Big Island's population has more than doubled since 1980 to more than 200,000 residents and Hawaii's civil defence agency has warned residents could face a "lava disaster".

"These lava flows rarely present a risk to life, but they can be extremely destructive to infrastructure," said Dr Jessica Johnson, a British volcano geophysicist who has worked at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.

She warned the lava flows posed a risk to Hilo and Kona, another major population centre, adding that the volcanic gasses could cause breathing problems for locals,

Mauna Loa is the world's largest active volcano. There are other larger volcanoes but these are classified as dormant, meaning they have not erupted for a long time, or extinct, meaning they are almost certain not to erupt in future.

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